Alex Webster led analyses of high-frequency data from headwater catchments draining varying spatial extents of permafrost. Compared to low/no permafrost catchments, higher-permafrost catchments showed season-long trends in nitrate concentration, a step-change in solute concentrations initiated by late-season precipitation, counter-clockwise concentration-discharge hysteresis during storms, and shifts in the phase of concentration-discharge coherence at the timescale of storms. Ecosystems